The oil filter should have strong filtering capacity, low flow resistance and long service life. In the engine lubrication system, there are generally three types of filters. The first is the oil filter, which is installed before the oil pump to prevent large particles of impurities from entering the oil pump and early wear of the oil pump; The second is the oil strainer, which is used to filter out the impurities with large particle size (diameter between 0.05-0.1mm) in the oil. It has small flow resistance to the oil. It is generally connected in series between the oil pump and the main oil passage. It belongs to a full flow filter.

我們一般更換的機(jī)濾，就是指這種機(jī)油粗濾器；第三種是機(jī)油細(xì)濾器，用以清除直徑在0.001mm以上的細(xì)小雜質(zhì)，由于這種濾清器對(duì)于機(jī)油的流動(dòng)阻力較大，故多做成分流式，即與主油道并聯(lián)，只有少量機(jī)油流過(guò)細(xì)濾器。它一般只裝備在大型柴油機(jī)上，在轎車(chē)上是沒(méi)有的，絕大多數(shù)采用離心過(guò)濾式。我們?cè)谠诰S護(hù)保養(yǎng)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)時(shí)，一般只更換機(jī)油粗濾器，就是我們常說(shuō)的機(jī)油濾芯，而機(jī)油細(xì)濾器一般在二級(jí)保養(yǎng)時(shí)清理一次就可以了。

The machine filter we usually replace refers to this kind of oil strainer; The third is the oil fine filter, which is used to remove fine impurities with a diameter of more than 0.001mm. Because this filter has a large flow resistance to the oil, it is more component flow, that is, it is connected in parallel with the main oil passage, and only a small amount of oil flows through the fine filter. It is generally only equipped on large diesel engines, not on cars. Most of them adopt centrifugal filtration. When we maintain the engine, we usually only replace the primary oil filter, which is often referred to as the oil filter element, while the secondary oil filter is generally cleaned once during the secondary maintenance.

現(xiàn)在的發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)普遍使用旋裝式一次性機(jī)油濾清器，也有部分車(chē)型使用的是紙芯式濾清器，其中起過(guò)濾作用的就是特制的機(jī)油濾紙。這種濾紙是一種微孔濾紙，可以過(guò)濾機(jī)油中粒度在0.05-0.1mm左右的雜質(zhì)，并且對(duì)機(jī)油的流動(dòng)阻力較小；為了保證小體積內(nèi)有大的過(guò)濾面積，并提高濾芯的剛度，一般都折疊成紙扇形和波紋形，并與上下端蓋經(jīng)熱固化處理而粘合在一起的。

Now the engine generally uses the rotary disposable oil filter, and some models use the paper core filter, in which the special oil filter paper plays a filtering role. This filter paper is a kind of microporous filter paper, which can filter impurities with particle size of about 0.05-0.1mm in engine oil, and has small flow resistance to engine oil; In order to ensure a large filtering area in a small volume and improve the stiffness of the filter element, it is generally folded into paper fan-shaped and corrugated shapes and bonded with the upper and lower covers after heat curing treatment.

在機(jī)油濾清器中，這種濾紙的用量是經(jīng)過(guò)嚴(yán)格計(jì)算的，可以確保在機(jī)油的更換周期內(nèi)不會(huì)發(fā)生堵塞，但也不會(huì)有太多的余量。如果超過(guò)這個(gè)周期過(guò)長(zhǎng)，機(jī)油濾清器就會(huì)有堵塞的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，特別是現(xiàn)在有些車(chē)型，機(jī)油濾清器做得很小，基本上超過(guò)機(jī)油的更換周期，它就不起多大的作用了。所以，機(jī)油和機(jī)油濾清器必須及時(shí)更換。

In the oil filter, the amount of this filter paper is strictly calculated, which can ensure that there will be no blockage during the oil change cycle, but there will not be too much margin. If the cycle is too long, the oil filter will have the risk of clogging. Especially for some models, the oil filter is very small. It basically exceeds the oil change cycle, and it will not play much role. Therefore, the oil and oil filter must be replaced in time.

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另外，在機(jī)油濾清器上還有兩個(gè)重要的閥——止回閥和旁通閥。止回閥是一種單向閥，它可以讓機(jī)油進(jìn)入機(jī)油濾清器，但是卻不可以從這里流出，它的作用是阻止發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)熄火后機(jī)油流回油底殼，保證發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)在啟動(dòng)后直接形成油壓，盡可能的減少發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)干摩擦的時(shí)間.

In addition, there are two important valves on the oil filter - check valve and bypass valve. The check valve is a one-way valve, which allows the oil to enter the oil filter, but cannot flow out of it. Its function is to prevent the oil from flowing back to the oil pan after the engine is shut down, ensure that the oil pressure is directly formed after the engine is started, and reduce the dry friction time of the engine as much as possible

旁通閥是一種溢流閥，當(dāng)機(jī)油壓力過(guò)大時(shí)它就會(huì)開(kāi)啟，機(jī)油不經(jīng)過(guò)濾清就進(jìn)入主油道，它的作用是當(dāng)濾紙堵塞時(shí)用來(lái)應(yīng)急輸送機(jī)油，防止發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)失去潤(rùn)滑。旁通閥的開(kāi)啟壓力是經(jīng)過(guò)精密計(jì)算的，這個(gè)壓力過(guò)大或過(guò)小都會(huì)導(dǎo)致發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)潤(rùn)滑性能變差.

The bypass valve is an overflow valve. When the oil pressure is too high, it will open and the oil will enter the main oil passage without filtering. Its function is to transport the oil in an emergency when the filter paper is blocked to prevent the engine from losing lubrication. The opening pressure of the bypass valve is precisely calculated. Too much or too little pressure will lead to poor lubricating performance of the engine

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